A study of dietary protein for growing californian rabbits in the mekong delta of Vietnam

i 
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING 
CAN THO UNIVERSITY 
TRUONG THANH TRUNG 
A STUDY OF DIETARY PROTEIN FOR 
GROWING CALIFORNIAN RABBITS IN 
THE MEKONG DELTA OF VIETNAM 
DOCTORAL THESIS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 
2017 
ii 
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING 
CAN THO UNIVERSITY 
TRUONG THANH TRUNG 
A STUDY OF DIETARY PROTEIN FOR 
GROWING CALIFORNIAN RABBITS IN 
THE MEKONG DELTA OF VIETNAM 
DOCTORAL THESIS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 
SCIENTIFIC SUPERVISOR 
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR NGUYEN THI KIM DONG 
2017 
iii 
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 
I would like to thank to lectures at Department of Animal Science, Can Tho 
University who gave me useful knowledge and encouraged me during the 
course. 
 I want to express particular appreciation to my supervisors, Association. 
Professor Dr. Nguyen Thi Kim Dong and Professor Dr. Nguyen Van Thu, 
Department of Animal Science, Can Tho University, Vietnam, for all your 
support, advice and explanation throughout the research, also for their reading 
and correcting my thesis papers. I learnt a lot of useful knowledge and real life 
experience from them. 
My thanks are extended to my classmates for sharing knowledge and 
experience in class. Many thanks to my friends in rabbit farm in Can Tho 
University for their help and encouragement to me. 
Last but not least, special thanks to my parents, younger brother, sisters, aunt 
and my girlfriend for their love and moral support 
I would like to thank all the people who contributed to this study 
Truong Thanh Trung 
iv 
ABSTRACT 
This thesis is based on five experiments that were conducted at the 
experimental farm in Cantho City to evaluate protein utilization of growing 
Californian rabbits in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam. The first experiment was 
to identify the nutritional values of some common feedstuffs for feeding 
rabbits in the Mekong Delta. The second was to determine the optimum level 
of crude protein in diets of growing Californian rabbits. The third was to 
compare and choose appropriate protein sources in diets of growing 
Californian rabbits. The fourth was to find out optimum level of lysine and 
threonine in diets for growing Californian rabbits. And the last experiment was 
to determine the optimum ME level in diets of growing Californian rabbits 
under feeding conditions in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam. 
The results showed that in the first experiment, almost essential and 
non-essential amino acid components of water spinach and Psophocarpus 
scandens were higher than those of Operculina turpethum and para grass. 
Sweet potato vine and water spinach leaves were good feedstuffs with high CP 
values and proportional fiber components. Soybean had low values of 
essential amino acids and non-essential amino acids than those of fish meal, 
feather meal and blood meal with the exception of methionine, glutamic and 
arginine concentrations. 
In the second experiment, the CP intake increased (P<0.05) while the 
NDF, ADF and EE intakes decrease (P<0.05) among treatments. The daily 
weight gain were significantly different (P<0.05) among treatments with the 
higher values (22.4, 23.3 and 23.2 g/day) for the CP19, CP21 and CP23 
treatments. The carcass, thigh meat and lean meat weights were significantly 
higher (P<0.05) for the animals fed the 19, 21 and 23% CP treatments and the 
highest profit was obtained for the CP21 treatment. 
In the third experiment, intakes of DM, OM, CP, EE, NDF, ADF and 
ME of the soybean extraction meal (SEM) and water spinach leaves meal 
(WLM) treatments were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those the other 
treatments. The digestible DM, OM, CP, EE, CF, NDF and ADF were 
significantly higher (P<0.05) for the SEM and WLM treatments as compared 
to the feather meal (FEM) and blood meal (BM) treatments. Daily weight gain 
was significantly different (P<0.05) among treatments with the highest value 
for the SEM treatment (22.8 g/day) and the lowest value for the FEM 
treatment (14.9 g/day). The carcass weight and carcass percentage of the SEM 
and WLM treatments were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of the 
FEM and BM, while the higher profit was found for the WLM and SEM 
treatments (3.07 and 2.63 USD/rabbit), respectively. 
v 
In the fourth trial, almost amino acid digestibility of rabbits were 
significantly higher (P<0.05) for the 0.95-Lys treatment as compared to the 
0.85-Lys and 1.05-Lys treatments. In term of threonine treatments, 
digestibility coefficients of almost amino acids were significantly different 
(P<0.05) with the higher values for the 0.75-Thr treatment. Daily weight gain 
of rabbit in the 0.95-Lys and the 0.75-Thr treatments (22.4 and 22.2 g/day, 
respectively) were significantly higher (P<0.05) than that of the 0.85-Lys and 
the 1.05-Lys treatments and the 0.65-Thr treatments, respectively. The carcass, 
lean meat and thigh weights of rabbit in the 0.95-Lys treatments were 
significantly higher (P<0.05) than others lysine treatments. The carcass, lean 
meat and thigh weights were also significantly different (P<0.05) between 
threonine treatments and the higher results were found for the 0.75-Thr 
treatment. 
In the fifth experiment, the DM and CP intakes were not significantly 
different among treatments being from 69.4-74.5 and 13.2-14.2 
gDM/rabbit/day, respectively. The digestible DM, OM and CP were not 
significantly different (P>0.05) among treatments being 39.9-45.4, 35.8-41.3 
and 7.65-9.06 g/rabbit/day, respectively. Daily weight gain was significantly 
different (P<0.05) among treatments with the highest value (24.5 g/day) for 
the ME11.5 treatment. The carcass, lean meat and thigh meat weights were 
significantly different (P<0.05) among treatments with the highest values in 
the ME11.5 treatment (1.374, 1.049 and 412 g, respectively). 
It was concluded that the combination among locally available 
feedstuffs in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam could formulate balanced nutrient 
diets for Californian growing rabbits. The diets contained 19% CP, 0.95% 
Lysine and 0.75% Threonine and 11.5 MJME/kgDM should be fed on 
growing Californian rabbits for improving growth performance, nutrient 
digestibilities, carcass quality and economic returns. Soybean extraction meal 
should be used in the Californian rabbit diets, as a protein supplement source 
due to its appetite and high nutrient digestibility. 
Keywords: carcass quality, income, nitrogen, nutrient digestibility, rodents 
vi 
DECLARATION 
I assure that this thesis is a scientific work that was implemented by myself. 
All the figures and results presented in the thesis are true and not published in 
any previous theses. 
 Author 
Truong Thanh Trung 
vii 
CONTENT 
Page 
Chapter 1. Introduction .................................................................................... 1 
1.1 Problem statement...................................................................................... 1 
1.2 Research objectives.................................................................................... 3 
1.3 Key findings ............................................................................................... 3 
1.4 Sciential and practical values ..................................................................... 3 
Chapter II. Literature review ........................................................................... 5 
2.1 Californian rabbits ..................................................................................... 5 
2.1.1 History .................................................................................................... 5 
2.1.2 Appearance ............................................................................................. 5 
2.1.3 Temperament .......................................................................................... 5 
2.1.4 Californian rabbits in Vietnam ............................................................... 6 
2.2 The Understanding of Protein digestion on rabbit ..................................... 7 
2.2.1 Some features of the protein sources using in rabbit diets ..................... 7 
2.2.2 Some characteristics of rabbit diets in Mekong Delta Vietnam ............. 9 
2.2.3 Balance of protein and amino acid ......................................................... 10 
2.2.4 Crude protein and total amino acids ....................................................... 11 
2.2.5 Faecal digestibility .................................................................................. 12 
2.2.6 Ileal digestibility ..................................................................................... 13 
2.2.7 Nitrogen metabolism in the caecum ...................................................... 19 
2.2.8 Protein digestion in young rabbits .......................................................... 21 
2.3 Soft faeces and protein digestibility .......................................................... 22 
2.4 The enhanced objectives for protein nutrition in rabbits ........................... 26 
2.4.1 A documented context ............................................................................ 26 
2.4.2 The relation between nitrogen and microbial growth ............................. 29 
2.4.3 The interaction of nitrogen ileal flow and intestinal health .................... 31 
2.4.4 The trend of using protein in rabbit diets................................................ 35 
viii 
Chapter III. Materials and methods ................................................................. 38 
3.1 Location and time ...................................................................................... 38 
3.2 Animals and housing ................................................................................. 39 
3.3 Feed and feeding ........................................................................................ 39 
3.4 Experimental design .................................................................................. 45 
3.5 Sampling procedure for nutrient digestibility .......................................... 49 
3.6 Chemical analyses...................................................................................... 49 
3.7 Measurements ............................................................................................ 49 
3.8 Statistical analysis ...................................................................................... 50 
Chapter IV. Results and discussion ................................................................. 51 
4.1 Experiment 1: Nutrient evaluation with emphasis on amino acid values of 
the common feedstuffs for rabbits in the Mekong delta, Vietnam .................. 51 
4.1.1 Nutrient composition of natural plants for feeding rabbits ..................... 51 
4.1.2 Nutrient composition of agricultural and industrial by-products for 
feeding rabbits ................................................................................................ 
 54 
4.1.3 Nutrient composition of protein and energy supplemental feed 
ingredients for feeding rabbits ......................................................................... 58 
4.1.4 Summary ................................................................................................. 64 
4.2 Experiment 2: Effects of dietary crude protein levels on growth rate, meat 
production, digestible nutrients and economic return of Californian rabbits in 
Mekong Delta Vietnam .................................................................................... 65 
4.2.1 Feed and nutrient intakes ........................................................................ 65 
4.2.2 Daily weight gain and economic returns ................................................ 66 
4.2.3 Carcass and meat nutrients ..................................................................... 67 
4.2.4 Nutrient digestibility and nitrogen retention........................................... 68 
4.2.5 Summary ................................................................................................. 69 
4.3 Experiment 3: Effect of different protein sources in the diets on feed 
intake, nutrient digestibility, growth and carcass value of Californian rabbits in 
the Mekong Delta Vietnam .............................................................................. 70 
4.3.1 Feed and nutrient intakes ........................................................................ 70 
ix 
4.3.2 Growth performance and economic returns ........................................... 71 
4.3.3 Carcass values and meat nutrients .......................................................... 72 
4.3.4 Nutrient digestion and nitrogen retention ............................................... 73 
4.3.5 Summary ................................................................................................. 75 
4.4 Experiment 4: Effect of lysine and threonine levels in the diets on feed 
intake, nutrient digestibility, growth and carcass value of Californian rabbits in 
the Mekong Delta, Vietnam ............................................................................. 76 
4.4.1 Feed and nutrient intakes ........................................................................ 76 
4.4.2 Growth performance and economic returns ........................................... 78 
4.4.3 Carcass values and meat quality of experimental rabbits ....................... 80 
4.4.4 Nutrient digestion and nitrogen retention ............................................... 81 
4.4.5 Summary ................................................................................................. 83 
4.5 Experiment 5: A response of feed utilization, nutrient digestibility, growth 
and carcass value of Californian rabbits to dietary metabolizable energy ..... 84 
4.5.1 Feed and nutrient intakes ........................................................................ 84 
4.5.2 Growth performance and economic returns ........................................... 85 
4.5.3 Carcass values and meat nutrients .......................................................... 86 
4.5.4 Nutrient digestion and nitrogen retention ............................................... 87 
4.5.5 Summary ................................................................................................. 89 
Chapter V. Conclusion and recommendations ................................................ 90 
References ........................................................................................................ 92 
Appendices ..................................................................................................... 109
10 
LIST OF FIGURES 
Page 
Figure 2.1 Relative value of some protein sources in rabbit diets in relation to 
soybean meal ( ... s 2 0.0003904 0.0003904 0.0001952 0.78 0.480 
Thre 1 0.0000339 0.0000339 0.0000339 0.14 0.719 
Lys*Thre 2 0.0006909 0.0006909 0.0003455 1.38 0.288 
Analysis of Variance for Threonine, using Adjusted SS for Tests 
158 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
Lys 2 0.0003883 0.0003883 0.0001941 1.41 0.281 
Thre 1 0.0095163 0.0095163 0.0095163 69.21 0.000 
Lys*Thre 2 0.0003473 0.0003473 0.0001736 1.26 0.318 
Analysis of Variance for Tyrosine, using Adjusted SS for Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
Lys 2 0.0002798 0.0002798 0.0001399 0.80 0.471 
Thre 1 0.0000173 0.0000173 0.0000173 0.10 0.758 
Lys*Thre 2 0.0005881 0.0005881 0.0002940 1.69 0.226 
Analysis of Variance for Valine, using Adjusted SS for Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
Lys 2 0.0001536 0.0001536 0.0000768 0.62 0.556 
Thre 1 0.0000137 0.0000137 0.0000137 0.11 0.746 
Lys*Thre 2 0.0003922 0.0003922 0.0001961 1.57 0.247 
Analysis of Variance for Acid Aspartic, using Adjusted SS for 
Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
Lys 2 0.004207 0.004207 0.002104 1.00 0.397 
Thre 1 0.000227 0.000227 0.000227 0.11 0.748 
Lys*Thre 2 0.007001 0.007001 0.003501 1.66 0.231 
Analysis of Variance for Acid Glutamic, using Adjusted SS for 
Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
Lys 2 0.007522 0.007522 0.003761 0.70 0.515 
Thre 1 0.000438 0.000438 0.000438 0.08 0.780 
Lys*Thre 2 0.017742 0.017742 0.008871 1.65 0.232 
Analysis of Variance for Alanine, using Adjusted SS for Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
Lys 2 0.0004516 0.0004516 0.0002258 0.68 0.527 
Thre 1 0.0000517 0.0000517 0.0000517 0.15 0.701 
Lys*Thre 2 0.0007210 0.0007210 0.0003605 1.08 0.371 
159 
Analysis of Variance for Arginine, using Adjusted SS for Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
Lys 2 0.0007243 0.0007243 0.0003622 0.92 0.426 
Thre 1 0.0000359 0.0000359 0.0000359 0.09 0.768 
Lys*Thre 2 0.0014549 0.0014549 0.0007274 1.84 0.200 
Analysis of Variance for Glycine, using Adjusted SS for Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
Lys 2 0.0006414 0.0006414 0.0003207 0.94 0.419 
Thre 1 0.0000403 0.0000403 0.0000403 0.12 0.738 
Lys*Thre 2 0.0011527 0.0011527 0.0005764 1.68 0.227 
Analysis of Variance for Proline, using Adjusted SS for Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
Lys 2 0.0004782 0.0004782 0.0002391 0.67 0.530 
Thre 1 0.0000917 0.0000917 0.0000917 0.26 0.622 
Lys*Thre 2 0.0002229 0.0002229 0.0001114 0.31 0.738 
Analysis of Variance for Serine, using Adjusted SS for Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
Lys 2 0.0007051 0.0007051 0.0003525 0.82 0.465 
Thre 1 0.0000367 0.0000367 0.0000367 0.09 0.776 
Lys*Thre 2 0.0014848 0.0014848 0.0007424 1.72 0.220 
Amino acid digestibility of experimental rabbits (table 4.4.10) 
General Linear Model: His, Ile, ... versus Lysine, Threonine 
Analysis of Variance for His, using Adjusted SS for Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
Lysine 2 45.496 45.496 22.748 4.27 0.040 
Threonine 1 16.673 16.673 16.673 3.13 0.102 
Lysine*Threonine 2 35.344 35.344 17.672 3.32 0.071 
160 
Analysis of Variance for Ile, using Adjusted SS for Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
Lysine 2 265.563 265.563 132.781 26.06 0.000 
Threonine 1 37.345 37.345 37.345 7.33 0.019 
Lysine*Threonine 2 40.787 40.787 20.393 4.00 0.047 
Analysis of Variance for Leu, using Adjusted SS for Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
Lysine 2 27.234 27.234 13.617 2.19 0.154 
Threonine 1 68.948 68.948 68.948 11.11 0.006 
Lysine*Threonine 2 16.235 16.235 8.118 1.31 0.306 
Analysis of Variance for Lys, using Adjusted SS for Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
Lysine 2 216.92 216.92 108.46 19.99 0.000 
Threonine 1 190.41 190.41 190.41 35.10 0.000 
Lysine*Threonine 2 107.45 107.45 53.72 9.90 0.003 
Analysis of Variance for Met, using Adjusted SS for Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
Lysine 2 87.01 87.01 43.51 7.60 0.007 
Threonine 1 380.26 380.26 380.26 66.41 0.000 
Lysine*Threonine 2 46.87 46.87 23.43 4.09 0.044 
Analysis of Variance for Phe, using Adjusted SS for Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
Lysine 2 82.649 82.649 41.324 6.28 0.014 
Threonine 1 41.763 41.763 41.763 6.35 0.027 
Lysine*Threonine 2 52.448 52.448 26.224 3.99 0.047 
Analysis of Variance for Thr, using Adjusted SS for Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
Lysine 2 136.35 136.35 68.17 5.11 0.025 
Threonine 1 1674.91 1674.91 1674.91 125.55 0.000 
Lysine*Threonine 2 81.11 81.11 40.56 3.04 0.085 
161 
Analysis of Variance for Tyr, using Adjusted SS for Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
Lysine 2 8.383 8.383 4.191 0.43 0.658 
Threonine 1 222.196 222.196 222.196 22.99 0.000 
Lysine*Threonine 2 17.801 17.801 8.901 0.92 0.425 
Analysis of Variance for Val, using Adjusted SS for Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
Lysine 2 36.170 36.170 18.085 3.18 0.078 
Threonine 1 43.745 43.745 43.745 7.70 0.017 
Lysine*Threonine 2 131.000 131.000 65.500 11.52 0.002 
Analysis of Variance for Asp, using Adjusted SS for Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
Lysine 2 6.084 6.084 3.042 0.51 0.611 
Threonine 1 46.658 46.658 46.658 7.89 0.016 
Lysine*Threonine 2 34.059 34.059 17.030 2.88 0.095 
Analysis of Variance for Glu, using Adjusted SS for Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
Lysine 2 96.444 96.444 48.222 10.70 0.002 
Threonine 1 23.705 23.705 23.705 5.26 0.041 
Lysine*Threonine 2 5.355 5.355 2.677 0.59 0.568 
Analysis of Variance for Ala, using Adjusted SS for Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
Lysine 2 41.053 41.053 20.526 3.89 0.050 
Threonine 1 278.190 278.190 278.190 52.69 0.000 
Lysine*Threonine 2 20.817 20.817 10.408 1.97 0.182 
Analysis of Variance for Arg, using Adjusted SS for Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
Lysine 2 19.737 19.737 9.868 2.94 0.091 
Threonine 1 6.398 6.398 6.398 1.91 0.192 
162 
Lysine*Threonine 2 1.389 1.389 0.695 0.21 0.816 
Analysis of Variance for Gly, using Adjusted SS for Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
Lysine 2 60.04 60.04 30.02 4.32 0.039 
Threonine 1 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.01 0.919 
Lysine*Threonine 2 703.67 703.67 351.84 50.65 0.000 
Analysis of Variance for Pro, using Adjusted SS for Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
Lysine 2 1.391 1.391 0.695 0.13 0.883 
Threonine 1 89.677 89.677 89.677 16.21 0.002 
Lysine*Threonine 2 84.288 84.288 42.144 7.62 0.007 
Analysis of Variance for Ser, using Adjusted SS for Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
Lysine 2 28.213 28.213 14.107 1.91 0.191 
Threonine 1 7.411 7.411 7.411 1.00 0.337 
Lysine*Threonine 2 73.159 73.159 36.579 4.94 0.027 
Experiment 5: A response of feed utilization, nutrient digestibility, growth 
and carcass value of Californian rabbits to dietary metabolizable energy 
The feed and nutrient intakes of rabbits in the experiment (table 4.5.3) 
General Linear Model: RL_DM, CLT_DM, ... versus NT 
Analysis of Variance for RL_DM, using Adjusted SS for Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
NT 4 423.18 423.18 105.79 23.17 0.000 
Analysis of Variance for CLT_DM, using Adjusted SS for Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
NT 4 298.172 298.172 74.543 17.07 0.000 
163 
Analysis of Variance for Bap_DM, using Adjusted SS for Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
NT 4 1009.58 1009.58 252.40 120.52 0.000 
Analysis of Variance for DNLT_DM, using Adjusted SS for Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
NT 4 113.136 113.136 28.284 31.83 0.000 
Analysis of Variance for DM, using Adjusted SS for Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
NT 4 49.84 49.84 12.46 0.33 0.853 
Analysis of Variance for OM, using Adjusted SS for Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
NT 4 88.37 88.37 22.09 0.70 0.607 
Analysis of Variance for CP, using Adjusted SS for Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
NT 4 1.870 1.870 0.468 0.35 0.836 
Analysis of Variance for EE, using Adjusted SS for Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
NT 4 0.42189 0.42189 0.10547 1.07 0.420 
Analysis of Variance for NDF, using Adjusted SS for Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
NT 4 170.171 170.171 42.543 6.85 0.006 
Analysis of Variance for ADF, using Adjusted SS for Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
NT 4 103.298 103.298 25.825 11.29 0.001 
Analysis of Variance for CF, using Adjusted SS for Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
NT 4 53.901 53.901 13.475 12.71 0.001 
164 
Analysis of Variance for Ash, using Adjusted SS for Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
NT 4 10.4652 10.4652 2.6163 8.37 0.003 
Analysis of Variance for ME, using Adjusted SS for Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
NT 4 0.064408 0.064408 0.016102 43.81 0.000 
Body weight, daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio and economic 
returns of experimental rabbits (table 4.5.4) 
General Linear Model: Pdau, Pcuoi, WG versus NT 
Analysis of Variance for Pdau, using Adjusted SS for Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
NT 4 40 40 10 2.09 0.174 
Analysis of Variance for Pcuoi, using Adjusted SS for Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
NT 4 199221 199221 49805 12.02 0.002 
Analysis of Variance for WG, using Adjusted SS for Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
NT 4 28.9189 28.9189 7.2297 12.71 0.002 
Analysis of Variance for FCR, using Adjusted SS for Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
NT 4 0.2498 0.2498 0.0624 0.58 0.685 
Carcass values, internal organs and meat quality of rabbits in the 
experiment (table 4.5.5) 
General Linear Model: PMKS, TL_thanthit, ... versus NT 
165 
Analysis of Variance for PMKS, using Adjusted SS for Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
NT 4 201570 201570 50393 11.78 0.002 
Analysis of Variance for TL_thanthit, using Adjusted SS for 
Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
NT 4 69837 69837 17459 7.69 0.008 
Analysis of Variance for TL_thittuoc, using Adjusted SS for 
Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
NT 4 45105 45105 11276 9.80 0.004 
Analysis of Variance for TL_thitduisau, using Adjusted SS for 
Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
NT 4 12922.2 12922.2 3230.6 12.25 0.002 
Analysis of Variance for %thanthit, using Adjusted SS for Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
NT 4 1.2333 1.2333 0.3083 0.57 0.695 
Analysis of Variance for %thittuoc, using Adjusted SS for Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
NT 4 2.4840 2.4840 0.6210 1.35 0.331 
Analysis of Variance for Tlthitduisau/thanthit, using Adjusted 
SS for Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
NT 4 9.5400 9.5400 2.3850 3.51 0.062 
Analysis of Variance for Chieudaimanhtrang, using Adjusted SS 
for Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
NT 4 98.76 98.76 24.69 0.57 0.691 
166 
Analysis of Variance for Mỡ thân, using Adjusted SS for Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
NT 4 592.400 592.400 148.100 109.70 0.000 
Analysis of Variance for heart, using Adjusted SS for Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
NT 4 0.9333 0.9333 0.2333 1.00 0.461 
Analysis of Variance for kidney, using Adjusted SS for Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
NT 4 18.267 18.267 4.567 1.12 0.410 
Analysis of Variance for Liver, using Adjusted SS for Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
NT 4 144.67 144.67 36.17 1.27 0.359 
Analysis of Variance for Lung, using Adjusted SS for Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
NT 4 23.733 23.733 5.933 1.00 0.461 
Analysis of Variance for stomach, using Adjusted SS for Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
NT 4 50.40 50.40 12.60 0.60 0.674 
Analysis of Variance for Small intestine, using Adjusted SS for 
Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
NT 4 1041.7 1041.7 260.4 0.58 0.683 
Analysis of Variance for Large intestine, using Adjusted SS for 
Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
NT 4 919.1 919.1 229.8 1.98 0.191 
167 
Nutrient intakes, digestible nutrients and nitrogen retention of 
experimental rabbits (table 4.5.6) 
General Linear Model: DM, OM, ... versus NT 
Analysis of Variance for DM, using Adjusted SS for Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
NT 4 47.12 47.12 11.78 0.51 0.733 
Analysis of Variance for OM, using Adjusted SS for Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
NT 4 62.51 62.51 15.63 0.82 0.543 
Analysis of Variance for CP, using Adjusted SS for Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
NT 4 1.8767 1.8767 0.4692 0.57 0.689 
Analysis of Variance for EE, using Adjusted SS for Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
NT 4 0.31439 0.31439 0.07860 1.38 0.308 
Analysis of Variance for NDF, using Adjusted SS for Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
NT 4 117.426 117.426 29.356 7.36 0.005 
Analysis of Variance for ADF, using Adjusted SS for Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
NT 4 68.518 68.518 17.130 10.64 0.001 
Analysis of Variance for CF, using Adjusted SS for Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
NT 4 34.9730 34.9730 8.7433 13.58 0.000 
Analysis of Variance for Ash, using Adjusted SS for Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
168 
NT 4 5.7763 5.7763 1.4441 7.11 0.006 
Analysis of Variance for ME, using Adjusted SS for Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
NT 4 0.040423 0.040423 0.010106 3.64 0.044 
Analysis of Variance for DDM, using Adjusted SS for Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
NT 4 54.16 54.16 13.54 1.03 0.437 
Analysis of Variance for DOM, using Adjusted SS for Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
NT 4 63.16 63.16 15.79 1.47 0.283 
Analysis of Variance for DCP, using Adjusted SS for Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
NT 4 3.9728 3.9728 0.9932 1.85 0.195 
Analysis of Variance for DEE, using Adjusted SS for Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
NT 4 0.21163 0.21163 0.05291 1.90 0.187 
Analysis of Variance for DNDF, using Adjusted SS for Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
NT 4 35.913 35.913 8.978 5.18 0.016 
Analysis of Variance for DADF, using Adjusted SS for Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
NT 4 11.2792 11.2792 2.8198 5.20 0.016 
Analysis of Variance for DCF, using Adjusted SS for Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
NT 4 3.14483 3.14483 0.78621 55.17 0.000 
Analysis of Variance for N_anvao, using Adjusted SS for Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
NT 4 0.04804 0.04804 0.01201 0.57 0.689 
169 
Analysis of Variance for N_tichluy, using Adjusted SS for Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
NT 4 0.09726 0.09726 0.02431 1.33 0.326 
Analysis of Variance for Ntichluy/Navao, using Adjusted SS for 
Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
NT 4 110.79 110.79 27.70 1.62 0.243 
Analysis of Variance for Nanvao/W0.75, using Adjusted SS for 
Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
NT 4 0.022916 0.022916 0.005729 0.93 0.483 
Analysis of Variance for Ntichluy/W0.75, using Adjusted SS for 
Tests 
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 
NT 4 0.081775 0.081775 0.020444 3.78 0.040