Tóm tắt Luận án Clinical features, investigations and outcome of protocol ccg 1961 with high - Risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children

Leukemia is one of the most common types of cancer among children around the world. This blood-related disease is caused by the uncontrolled growth of one or many lines of malignant hematopoietic stem cell. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) accounts for approximately 75% of all cases of childhood leukemia. In Asia, ALL makes up 51% of leukemia cases in children under 15 year of age. Children suffer from this disease, if not receive proper and timely diagnosis and treatment, would die very quickly. Approximately 4900 children are diagnosed with ALL each year in the United States, with an incidence of 29 per million of all US children. The peak incidence of ALL occurs between 2 to 5 years of age and maybe trending downward in both the United Kingdom and United States. The incidence of ALL is higher among boys than girls, and this difference is greatest among pubertal children.

In recent years, pediatric ALL is often cited as one of the true success stories of modern medicine, with the cure rate improving from zero prior to the advent of modern chemotherapy and radiation therapy to current overall event- free survival (EFS) rate of about 80%. This success has been due to the development of classifications, active chemotherapeutic agents, immunology, genetics and bio-molecules into diagnosis, treatment, monitoring the disease and understanding the prognosis factors. In Vietnam, the National Hospital of Pediatrics (NHP) has made initiative in researches regarding clinical and pre-clinical high-risk ALL on 164 patients in 2006 by Dr Nguyen Hoang Nam; another research is on treatment outcome of standard risk ALL on 98 patients, with EFS is 68.1% by Dr Bui Ngoc Lan. Other researches in different children and cancer hospitals also have rough assessment regarding ALL treatment results of different clinical protocol such as FRALLE (France), ALL-BFM 90. So far, no research on high-risk childhood ALL with complete assessment and proper clinical protocol applicable to Vietnam has been conducted. Thus, we carried out our research on the topic “Clinical features, investigations and outcome of protocol CCG 1961 with high-risk ALL in children”. Two targets of the research are:

1. Describe the clinical features and investigations of high-risk ALL in children at National Hospital of Pediatrics.

2. Assess the treatment results of high-risk ALL in children using modified protocol CGG 1961 at National Hospital of Pediatrics.